Salvador Dali's History Backriound Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Salvador Dali's History Backriound - Essay Example The exposition Salvador Dali's History Backriound means to investigate Salvador Dali's experience. Salvador Dali is a Spanish painter. His folks affected his turn of events and imaginative practices as his father’s severe drill sergeant approach added to Dali’s organized quest for craftsmanship, while his mother’s inventive nature impacted his creative procedure. In 1926 he would leave Spain and move to Paris, where he came into contact with Pablo Picasso. While Dali had tried different things with Cubist strategies during this time in Madrid, plainly he didn't completely comprehend the class. During the following barely any years Dali would deliver work vigorously impacted by Picasso and individual surrealist Joan Miro. Dali would then proceed to consolidate an expansive assortment of impacts into his work. Among these impacts included the scholarly world, old style and pioneer strategies, just as ongoing mental investigations by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. Thr ough World War II and his later life Dali would progressively concentrate on his one of a kind way to deal with surrealist craftsmanship. While looking at Dali’s workmanship it’s away from there are various striking components identified with topic, substance, which means, and iconography. One notes that in inspecting Dali’s workmanship inside this setting of understanding that his work has moved during various times of the artist’s life. All things considered, all through these periods Dali actualized trademark types of oil on canvas in building his works. He turned out to be fundamentally keen on investigating unique ideas.

The African Athena Controversy Essay -- Ancient History

With the nonattendance of assurance, serious credibility is a reasonable way to deal with attempting to decide the impacts that the Egyptians and Phoenicians had on the Ancient Greeks. Since the distribution of the Bernal’s Black Athena volumes I and II, an extraordinary discussion has surfaced. There is no doubt that the Egyptians and Phoenicians had an effect on the Greek culture, the inquiries that are being questioned is the specific idea of the relationship and what timeframe this relationship existed. Subsequent to perusing the three articles introduced, I have come to concur with Martin Bernal and his Revised Ancient Model of Greek causes. At one time Egypt was acknowledged as European, yet that status started to dissolve and in the 1790’s Egypt was viewed as an African Nation. Preceding the 1820’s the most generally acknowledged hypothesis of the birthplaces of Greece was the Ancient Model. In this model, crude clans, Pelasigians, and others possessed Greece. In specific locales of Greece, the Egyptians and Phoenicians settled, constructed urban areas, and cultivated the locals. The Phoenicians were credited with having presented the letters in order while the Egyptians showed the Pelasgians water system (Bernal, p. 7). It was during this period, the Northern European researchers started to give occasion to feel qualms about the colonization of old Greece by the Egyptian and Phoenicians and their social advancement of that time (Bernal, p. 7). â€Å"Historiographical advancements can't be connected to the accessibility of any evidence† (Bernal, p. 7). Unfortunately, there were some incredible revelations found after the models changed, yet they were overlooked, similar to Jean-Francois Champollion discoveries, he had started to interpret the hieroglyphics during 1820’s, the decipherment of cuneiform, and the primary circular segment... ...ilization and driven me to concur with Bernal’s Revised Ancient Model. References Berlinerblau, J. (1999). The Aryan Models. Blasphemy in the University: The Black Athena debate and the reponsibilities of American scholarly people [Portfolio perusing set]. Recovered from University of Massachusetts at Boston: http://www.UMB.edu Bernal, M. (2001). Presentation Black Athena composes back [Portfolio perusing set]. Recovered from University of Massachusetts at Boston: http://www.UMB.edu Lefkowitz, M. R. (1996). Old history, Modern Myths. Dark Athena Revisited [Portfolio perusing set]. Recovered from University of Massachusetts at Boston: http://www.UMB.edu The African Athena Controversy [Portfolio perusing set]. (2012, June). Recovered from University of Massachusetts at Boston, CEHD, CLA, CPCS, CSM, and CNHS Writing capability assessment (WPE): http://www.UMB.edu The African Athena Controversy Essay - Ancient History With the nonappearance of conviction, serious credibility is a practical way to deal with attempting to decide the impacts that the Egyptians and Phoenicians had on the Ancient Greeks. Since the distribution of the Bernal’s Black Athena volumes I and II, an incredible discussion has surfaced. There is no doubt that the Egyptians and Phoenicians had an impact on the Greek culture, the inquiries that are being questioned is the specific idea of the relationship and what timeframe this relationship existed. In the wake of perusing the three articles introduced, I have come to concur with Martin Bernal and his Revised Ancient Model of Greek sources. At one time Egypt was acknowledged as European, however that status started to dissolve and in the 1790’s Egypt was viewed as an African Nation. Preceding the 1820’s the most generally acknowledged hypothesis of the causes of Greece was the Ancient Model. In this model, crude clans, Pelasigians, and others possessed Greece. In specific locales of Greece, the Egyptians and Phoenicians settled, manufactured urban areas, and humanized the locals. The Phoenicians were credited with having presented the letters in order while the Egyptians showed the Pelasgians water system (Bernal, p. 7). It was during this period, the Northern European researchers started to give occasion to feel qualms about the colonization of antiquated Greece by the Egyptian and Phoenicians and their social improvement of that time (Bernal, p. 7). â€Å"Historiographical improvements can't be connected to the accessibility of any evidence† (Bernal, p. 7). Tragically, there were some incredible revelations found after the models changed, however they were disregarded, similar to Jean-Francois Champollion discoveries, he had started to translate the hieroglyphics during 1820’s, the decipherment of cuneiform, and the primary circular segment... ...ilization and driven me to concur with Bernal’s Revised Ancient Model. References Berlinerblau, J. (1999). The Aryan Models. Apostasy in the University: The Black Athena debate and the reponsibilities of American erudite people [Portfolio perusing set]. Recovered from University of Massachusetts at Boston: http://www.UMB.edu Bernal, M. (2001). Presentation Black Athena composes back [Portfolio perusing set]. Recovered from University of Massachusetts at Boston: http://www.UMB.edu Lefkowitz, M. R. (1996). Antiquated history, Modern Myths. Dark Athena Revisited [Portfolio perusing set]. Recovered from University of Massachusetts at Boston: http://www.UMB.edu The African Athena Controversy [Portfolio perusing set]. (2012, June). Recovered from University of Massachusetts at Boston, CEHD, CLA, CPCS, CSM, and CNHS Writing capability assessment (WPE): http://www.UMB.edu

How To Maintain a Decent GPA

How To Maintain a Decent GPA How Hard Is It To Maintain a Decent GPA? Home›Education Posts›How Hard Is It To Maintain a Decent GPA? Education PostsMost students do not really worry about their GPA (grade point average) until they begin to struggle with a subject. Your GPA is very important, and maintaining a Decent GPA may not be as easy as one imagines.A lot of students both in high school and college start out strong, but somewhere along the line their GPA starts sliding. It is hard to get the grade point average that you want, but it can be even harder to keep it.There are a lot of things that students have to contend with to keep their grade point average up. Testing, homework, participation and writing assignments can all either make or break your grade point average.Little insurance can go a long way in helping you to get good grades. All it takes is one bad semester to tank your grade point average. Losing your footing and watching that average fall can easily cause you to lose future opportunities.D elegation of DutiesA lot of educators assume that many students fail because they are ill equipped with time management skills. But what most educators do not realize is that while students may seem like they are managing their time poorly, in reality it is a simple overload of assignments.Maintaining a hard won GPA really comes down to focusing on what you need and delegating some of the work out to free up your time for it!Reliable SourcesMaking the decision to delegate out some of the duties is a great choice, but you have to be sure that you are using a reliable source. One of the biggest time sucks is producing high quality papers. So, it stands to reason that it is one of the things that you should delegate to an expert!www.qualitycustomessays.com is a reliable source that offers expert help with papers. There are other trustworthy sites online that can help you with getting the necessary work done. However, our company goes above and beyond to make sure that you are happy wit h the service.The smart thing to do to be certain you can keep a high GPA in college is to ask for help when you need it. Dont risk losing the ground that you have made with your grades. Get help from a reliable source and maintain a decent GPA.

How To Maintain a Decent GPA

How To Maintain a Decent GPA How Hard Is It To Maintain a Decent GPA? Home›Education Posts›How Hard Is It To Maintain a Decent GPA? Education PostsMost students do not really worry about their GPA (grade point average) until they begin to struggle with a subject. Your GPA is very important, and maintaining a Decent GPA may not be as easy as one imagines.A lot of students both in high school and college start out strong, but somewhere along the line their GPA starts sliding. It is hard to get the grade point average that you want, but it can be even harder to keep it.There are a lot of things that students have to contend with to keep their grade point average up. Testing, homework, participation and writing assignments can all either make or break your grade point average.Little insurance can go a long way in helping you to get good grades. All it takes is one bad semester to tank your grade point average. Losing your footing and watching that average fall can easily cause you to lose future opportunities.D elegation of DutiesA lot of educators assume that many students fail because they are ill equipped with time management skills. But what most educators do not realize is that while students may seem like they are managing their time poorly, in reality it is a simple overload of assignments.Maintaining a hard won GPA really comes down to focusing on what you need and delegating some of the work out to free up your time for it!Reliable SourcesMaking the decision to delegate out some of the duties is a great choice, but you have to be sure that you are using a reliable source. One of the biggest time sucks is producing high quality papers. So, it stands to reason that it is one of the things that you should delegate to an expert!www.qualitycustomessays.com is a reliable source that offers expert help with papers. There are other trustworthy sites online that can help you with getting the necessary work done. However, our company goes above and beyond to make sure that you are happy wit h the service.The smart thing to do to be certain you can keep a high GPA in college is to ask for help when you need it. Dont risk losing the ground that you have made with your grades. Get help from a reliable source and maintain a decent GPA.

Ethics Kantian Ethics - 2099 Words

Ethics essay – Kantian ethics a.) Explain Kant’s concept of duty Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher who was concerned with producing an ethical theory that was logical and absolute, and did not change depending on the situation, countering the views of John Locke and other empiricists of the time. His ethics are based on duty, rather than looking at the end product of an action. He thought that his theory was so important that it could be rivalled with the Copernican revolution, in that it would utterly change everyone’s concept of morality in the same profound manner. There are two main dictionary definitions of duty, obeying a superior, and obeying the moral law in doing the right thing, and Kant was concerned with the latter. In†¦show more content†¦He himself uses the example of a good shopkeeper, in which a small child gives a shopkeeper a large amount of money for a cheap product, unaware of its value. Firstly, the shopkeeper could give the child the wrong amount of money, which would of course be immoral, or they could give the correct amount of change, but with the intention of improving their reputation, and business with it. They should give the correct change, with only the good will in mind, not with the intention of good business. It is the shopkeeper’s duty to act with integrity, as to not treat people as means to ends, and it is our duty as well. Kant believed that there must be some reason, some reward for our doing good actions. This he described as the `summum bonum`, or the greatest good. We are not able to gain the summum bonum in this life – as Kant observed people who were not living morally, but living happily, and vice versa – so we must be able to get there in the afterlife. He postulated the existence of heaven because of this, and it’s in heaven that we achieve this in the afterlife. Finally, the three postulates of reason are three things that are needed for this theory to work. These include freedom, immortality, and the existence of God. He realised that we must be able to make our own decisions freely, that we have the ability to make wrong decisions as well the correct ones. There must an afterlife for us to able to reach the summumShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Kantian Ethics3078 Words   |  13 PagesThe impact of Kantian ethics has been truly extensive in the philosophical community for centuries now. Numerous philosophers have accepted, disputed and further developed the Kantian style of ethics in the modern era. German philosopher Immanuel Kant has established a theory based on a simple few concepts. Some of the key features of this theory are intrinsic goodness, moral worth and a few others that I will establish further later in the essay. In this thesis I will be highlighting if consequencesRead MoreEthics Vs. Kantian Ethics1249 Words   |  5 Pag esprominent ethical theories that arose were utilitarianism and deontological ethics. Both ethical theories developed to establish and justify a set of different moral rules and principles. Utilitarianism, otherwise known as consequentialism, is an ethical theory that sees the best moral decision is one that maximizes utility, which implies that no moral decision is intrinsically right or wrong. Deontological ethics or Kantian ethics is a normative ethical theory that judges the morality of a decision isRead MoreKantian Ethics1459 Words   |  6 Pageslives it is their responsibility to make certain that young children will learn to make logical decisions that would contribute in a positive way in society. An ethical theory that would best describe people that influence young children would be Kantian`s ethics. His ethical theory elucidates that morality is when we act based on duty for duty`s sake not for self-interest. For this reason in order to respect the law, a sense of duty to one`s actions is necessary (Kant, 287). Based on this analysis, youngRead MoreKantian Ethics And Communitarian Ethics Essay1448 Words   |  6 Pagesgood? In order to answer this question, I will analyze two concepts: Kantian Ethics and Communitarian Ethics. Using Ethical Issues in Modern Medicine by Bonnie Steinbock, Alex London, and John Arras, I will explain both concepts and their understanding of moral reasoning. Focusing on categorical imperatives and the universality test, I will explain Kantian ethics in reference to the good will. I will then explain Communitarian ethics in reference to collectivism. Using both ethical concepts, I willRead MoreKantian Ethics and Christian Ethics1400 Words   |  6 PagesKantian Ethics and Christian Ethics Immanuel Kant the founder of the Categorical Imperative (CI) argues that morality is based on standards of rationality. Therefore, to act in disaccord with the CI is to act irrationally or immorally. In comparison to Christianity, to act immorally is to act in disagreement with Gods laws. Kants CI is formulated into three different ways, which include: The Universal Law Formulation, The Humanity or End in Itself Formulation, and The Kingdom of Ends FormulationRead MoreOn Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics 1681 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction There is little doubt that Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics are by far the two most important ethical theories throughout contemporary philosophy. Though both attempt to answer questions about morality and behavior, the two theories have many fundamental differences: one evaluates actions in terms of the utility they produce whereas the other considers whether actions fulfill duty; one emphasizes consequence where the other highlights intentions; one sees desire as essential whileRead MoreAristotelian Ethics And Kantian Ethics1303 Words   |  6 PagesAristotelian ethics is more concern with the personality of a person and their ability to do good without strict rules or guidance, while utilitarianism and Kantian tell you what your duty is and what you need to do to be a moral person. The responsibility always falls back to the person no matter what principle they follow, but Aristotelian ethics doesn’t condemn you if your decision leads to bad consequence or unhappiness. 3. Virtue ethics seems more realistic than utilitarianism and Kantian ethicsRead MoreEdward Snowden Kantian Ethics1885 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Edward Snowden, Kantian Ethics Edward Snowden the Ethical Issue In early 2013 a man by the name of Edward Joseph Snowden began leaking classified National Security Agency (NSA) documents to media outlets, which in turn ended up in public ears. These documents, mainly involving intelligence Snowden acquired while working as an NSA contractor, are mostly related to global surveillance programs run by the NSA. This has raised multiple ethical issues ranging from national security, information privacyRead MoreThe Ethical Concepts Of Kantian Ethics Essay1043 Words   |  5 Pagesstudies belongs to the analysis of ethics, morality and law as the main regulators of the human behavior in the society Kant is known as the founder of the deontological ethics (Kantianism), which presents a rational alternative to the utilitarian ethics and ideas. Particularly, the deontological findings and categorical imperative of Kant prove that it is virtually impossible to act immorally. The aim of this paper is to analyze the ethical concepts of Kantian ethics and pro ve the fact that acting immorallyRead MoreKantian Philosophy : Kantian Duty Ethics Essay1309 Words   |  6 Pages2. Define and describe Kantian Duty Ethics, with reference to the Principle of Universalizability and the Principle of Humanity. Do you find this theory plausible? Why or why not? Kantian Duty Ethics is named after its creator Immanuel Kant. The way the Kantian approaches morality is by Deontological ethical theory. The word deontology comes from the Greek word deon, which translates to duty. (thefreedictionary) In deontological ethics it’s believed that morality is primarily a matter of rights and

Racism And Nativism - 1083 Words

1. What is nativism and xenophobia and how are they being expressed in today’s society? (20 points) - Nativism is known as a policy in which protects native born people from immigrants that are seen to be a threat or dangerous. Xenophobia is an intense fear or prejudice against people from other nations. Nativism can be seen today when thinking about politics, President Trump wants to â€Å"build a wall† to keep the immigrants from coming into the united states because in his eyes and some others, they are considered to be dangerous. Xenophobia happens every day to those who are colored, something simple like walking down the street a woman might hold onto her purse in fear she might get robbed by them or, a colored person going into a store.†¦show more content†¦4. Why has a majority in the United States harbored such a long and deep distrust of Catholics? Explain what events, persons, or characteristics served to prolong such anti-Catholic behavior into the 20th century. (10 points) - The Native Americans and the Know-Nothing promoted anti-Catholicism, the Know-No thing made it their job to diminish the growth of Catholic power. Prejudices on anti-Catholicism was shown in textbooks at schools, showing priest living a luxury life while people were living in poverty and starving. Then in 1844, Philadelphia school board decided to except the Catholic bible during bible readings. This caused an uproar with an anti-Catholicism group demanding that the use of the Catholic Bible be kept out of public schools. This caused large crowds to gather, trying to find a solution. However, the crowd became too hectic and violence broke out. After was the election of 1855, Catholic voters were attacked and destroyed Catholic property. 5. How was anti-Semitism promoted in the United States during late 1800s and through World War II? (10 points) - One of the ways anti-Semitism was promoted was through Henry Ford, since Ford was a publisher he was able to print a document stating Jewish conspiracies plotting to destroy Christian civilization and create Jewish sovereignty. Ford had such a popular audience that many believed what he had wrote. Even after he retracted his document due to forgery he continued toShow MoreRelatedNativism and Racism after the Civil War663 Words   |  3 Pagesperspective in Nativism and Racism. Both of these ideologies have various differences with definite degrees being successful during the elements of American history. Elements contained by immigrant groups or policies such as the â€Å"Jim Crow Laws† or â€Å"Ku Klux Klan† have significantly reformed patterns within America’s settlements. The term â€Å"nativism† is appealed for ethnic, religious, cultural or racial reasons. It is also referred as discrimination based on where you come from. The upsurge of nativism was causedRead MoreAnti- Immigration Attitudes in America Essay608 Words   |  3 PagesThe ideologies of racism and nativism affect people by racially driven hate crimes and the overall human treatment of immigrants and foreigners today, and must be changed by first changing the anti-immigrant attitudes in America. The social structures of politics and laws affect both immigrants and U.S. citizens alike and can only be changed by reforming America’s immigration system. Racial prejudice and nativism are still social issues that define our present reality and affect us all. EverydayRead MoreThe Effects Of Nativism1490 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunity, their American Dream? As a result of concerns such as these, the belief in Nativism became strongly held by the American people, which was commonly showcased through family values, private organizations, and federal laws. However, Nativism wasn’t universal. Advocates for Chinese immigration, such as Mark Twain and Jane Addams, supported immigrant’s attempts at Americanized living, despite criticisms. Nativism originated from the belief and fear of the economic and social repercussions of ChineseRead MoreEth/125 Week61601 Words   |  7 Pages 5. The fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners is known as a. nativism. b. xenophobia. c. ethnocentrism. d. racism. 6. The most important force causing people to emigrate has been a. war. b. political repression. c. economic. d. religion. 7. Beliefs and policies favoring native-born citizens over immigrants is called a. racism. b. ethnocentrism. c. nativism. d. absolute deprivation. 8. Border deaths along the United States-MexicoRead MoreAfrican Authors And The African Diaspora1455 Words   |  6 PagesHunger by Marechera has been used as a secondary reference. The paper presents the various reactions highlighted in the works, and then seeks to analyse and argue for possible reasons for the presented reactions, touches upon the theme of African nativism, and most importantly analyses colonial power structures that still dominate the discourse in and about Africa. The following paragraph presents some illustrations of the reactions towards the English African diaspora characterised by Aidoo’s workRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Prejudice And Prejudice804 Words   |  4 Pagesof what prejudice means, Judice translates to judge in Latin, therefore the term â€Å"prejudice† literally translates into â€Å"pre-judgment†. There are innumerable forms of negative preconceived notions that exist in our world today, the biggest one being racism, which often is a stem of having anti-immigration views. Immigration prejudice is not unknown to any person who lives in America and has eyes and ears to know it exists, but it’s important to know that prejudice is not innate, it is learned, and asRead More History of Latino/a Immigration to the U.S. Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesmyths provides a realization that it is important not to formulate polices based on preconceptions of racialized groups. Therefore, reforming immigration policies is a complex issue and must be handled properly without any racism or nativism. Creating policies based on racism or natives would only deny the equal access to opportunities for immigrants to achieve the American dream. Nativists are campaigning for tighter immigration restrictions because all of the Latino/as, particularly the MexicansRead MoreContemporary Issues Stemming From Racial Oppression787 Words   |  4 Pagesfeel adverse to diversity, and this has resulted in most of them feeling dislike for students that are different than them. 6. What racist practices was I taught in school? A. A major practice that was perpetrated within my school would be aversive racism; in which race was not discussed, and if it was would result in little or no changes to some of the racist practices. Oftentimes people within my community would look for ways to avoid talking directly about race; however would make ill-suited jokesRead MoreImmigration In The 19th Century Essay895 Words   |  4 Pagesmade up as much as 70 percent of all immigrants. This is a dramatic increase considering that in midcentury these immigrants only made up 1 percent of the immigrant population. This overhaul of new immigrants led to severe hostility, bias, and nativism. Nativism is the belief that native-born white Americans were superior to newcomers. Competition for jobs and housing had never been higher in the late 19th century. America was in an economic recession and most immigrants were willing to work for muchRead MoreRacism : African American Land And African Slave Trade900 Words   |  4 Pages Racism is a quandary that’s all too familiar in our modern society. It’s an issue that dates back thousands of years and is very much noticeable in American history. Since the domination of Native American land and African Slave Trade, we’ve come a long way, but racism still has a lingering presence and perhaps always will. The years between 1870 and 1900 began the age of segregation. The late 19th century in the US involved the increase of both nativism and racism. White supremacy lasted with traditions

The Causes Of Segregation - 1472 Words

One of the biggest problems in the world is segregation, which is something that not everyone talks about. There are programs, clubs, billboards, and propaganda that try to send a message to society about segregation. But are people really listening? To me segregation means to make certain groups, and divide them because of their differences. When I hear the word segregation, I automatically think of race, because that is societies bias makes people think. Many people think that each race has to follow their own culture, and I do not agree with that. There are thousands of different culture all around the world, with their own unique types of celebration. How would a human being not what to explore one in the world? Segregation is a real†¦show more content†¦The Government tried to separate people of 3 groups into suburban communities, white people, middle-class and the lower-middle class. The Government did not include African-Americans, and other colored people in the com munities, instead they were pushed into urban housing projects. I do not agree with this because there was been many laws that prevents and â€Å"eliminated† division of people. The FHA was in a project of mass-producing entire subdivision for whites, and the only requirements was to not sell any of the homes or any homes near the new houses to black people or else their loans would be in risk. In the New Deal, the Federal government made maps of color-coded. The map indicated where it was saf to insure mortgages and anywhere where African-Americans lived, which was colored red to indicate the neighborhoods that were too risky to insure mortgages. Some African-American families were able to buy the homes, but were prohibited to by the FHA. Now in day, the houses would cost as minimal as $300,000-$400,000. Later in the 1968, the FHA let’s African-American families buy homes in Daly City or Levittown, but no families would because the houses were no longer affordable . This was one of the biggest problems that caused Milwaukee to become so segregated. And when there is a cause, there comes an effect. Segregation effects not just one gender or one race, it affects all humans in many types of reasons. There areShow MoreRelatedIndirect Causes Of De Juure Segregation700 Words   |  3 Pages1. De jure segregation is segregation enforced by the law. De jure segregation has been banned in the United States since the 1950’s but that doesn’t eliminate segregation as a whole in the country. De facto segregation is, â€Å"the segregation of races by fact rather than by legal requirements†. This means that segregation can take place indirectly from lawful decision making. Examples of de jure segregation is through the drawing of district lines, the residential patterns and the parents’ â€Å"choice†Read MoreThe Impact Of Urban Population And The Current Causes Social Segregation944 Words   |  4 Pagesnegatively impact on the urban population and the current causes social segregation. Regarding the recent academic research in human geography field, can be possible to associate this social segregation with the ‘gentrification’. Thus, the gentrification can be defined as the dynamic process that displaces the local and low-income population of the district due to the urban revitalization of the area. Exploration of the social segregation in the Australian context (Melbourne and Sydney), might beRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641689 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended state and local laws that involved segregation, prohibiting legal discrimination based on ethnicity, color, race, sex, and religion. Now, after much time has passed, people can pose the question: how prominent is segregation in today’s society? In particular, Chicago, the third largest city in the United States, poses interesting dynamics concerning this question. For one, the city consistently has high crime and murder rates in specific areas, while other partsRead MoreThe Rhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.1139 Words   |  5 Pagespity, and Martin Luther King Jr. uses it to his advantage by pointing out many examples of the harsh treatment towards the black people. For example, he makes the statement, â€Å"Perhaps it is easy for those who have never felt the stinging darts of segregation to say, â€Å"Wait.† But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim; when you have seen the hate filled policemen curse, kick and even kill your black brothers and sisters; whenRead MoreEssay on Occupational Segregation994 Words   |  4 PagesOccupational Segregation Since the beginning of time, from all accounts, there has been some form of inequality between genders in society. This has become especially true in the workplace and for some people occupational segregation may be to blame. Occupational segregation is the grouping of similar jobs at similar workplaces. Not to be confused with job segregation which looks at specific jobs within specific workplaces, occupational segregation focuses on the occupation as a whole. An exampleRead MoreSegregation And Effects On African American Communities1523 Words   |  7 PagesAndrew Garcia Dr. Markel 23rd July 2015 Phil 483 Segregation and Effects on African-American Communities I suppose the majority of society would have the illusion that segregation in the United States died with the Civil Rights Act in 1964 and Brown v Board of Education of Topeka in 1954. What most fail to realize is the profound, and devastating effect segregation continues to have on minorities, particularly the African American communities. Throughout the relative young history of the UnitedRead MoreMilwaukee Of The Civil Rights Movement1287 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunities, poverty, and segregation.Racial segregation in Milwaukee and around the world has always been a phenomenon with intricate historical roots. The complex history of slavery, employment discrimination, tax inequity, redlining, discriminatory housing policies, and multiple other issue have lead Milwaukee to be segregated. Despite the fact that Milwaukee’s has a unique history, social forces and government policies created and reinforced residential segregation throughout the united states, so whyRead MoreRa cial Segregation Within The United States780 Words   |  4 Pagescontemporary debate regarding the distinctive patterns of poverty among African Americans revolves around the question, â€Å"is it class or race that causes (and perpetuates) such misfortune of African Americans?† Scholars have looked at patterns of residential segregation in their attempts to answer such a question. Massey and Denton explore racial residential segregation in the United States throughout the 20th century. They argue that the making and concentration of the (African American) underclass in innerRead MoreThe Letter From A Birmingham Jail865 Words   |  4 PagesBeverly Daniel Tatum, race relations are a main topic. While King writes about the effects and injustices of segregation, Beverly writes about the causes of self-segregation. These two works have a few things in common that is discussed, such as the inferiority complex that may stem from the segregation, racism and segregation cause mis trust and contempt, and racism is the cause for segregation. These three things are common between the two works, while King writes about the injustice’s taking placeRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s Essay550 Words   |  3 Pagessituation: â€Å"just carve on my tombstone, Here lies a Black man killed fighting a yellow man for the protection of a white man. Some took up draft resistance in protest. The refusal to comply with segregation laws within the military was punished with custody. Returning to segregation at the end of the war caused the politicisation of many black Americans. The ensuing civil disobedience campaign, the non-violent resistance to the law, was one of the catalysts of the civil

Empirical Investigation of Structural Breaks †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Disacuss about the Empirical Investigation of Structural Breaks. Answer: Introduction: IMF effectiveness is dependent on whether the players see it as impartial and competent. According to the article, IMF is like a referee officiating a football match where it depends if the players see it as impartial and competent (Eun and Resnick, 2014). The effectiveness of this institution are limited by failure to meet its challenges. As an advisor, the institutions impartiality is called into question because it doesnt always know what to advise. According to the article, there are four challenges that pose a threat to the legitimacy of the IMF and thus the institutions capacity to execute its main functions (Kirton, 2009). Organizing surveillance through which the institution monitors policies made by its member countries both financial and economic policies is the first unmet challenge. This highlights possible risks to advises that are needed on policy adjustments. The funds original mandate was to focus on engaging in ruthless truth telling that would make exchange rates to be stable. However, the surveillance moved from the main focus of exchange rates issues to virtually everything and anything with implications for financial and economic stability (Levi, 2016). There is no longer the blunt truth telling as envisaged and this can be clearly shown because the fund did not warn the U.S of the subprime crisis , the Greek debt crisis or the global financial crisis. On the three events, the IMF batted 0 to 3 showed that it has no capacity to highlight risks to stability. The second unmet challenge is the conditionality that IMF gives its loans out with. This is the commitment that governments makes in terms of policy in order to receive assistance (Imf., 2016). The disagreements comes in when questions of the number of commitments and what kind of commitments that the IMF asks from the governments. This is because in some of the commitments , the IMF infringes on the sovereignty of the member country and so according to the article, the member countries do not view the IMF institution as an institution that is out here trying to promote the welfare of the individual member states (Hartley, 2011). If the IMF and the member country have similar objectives , why are there conditions set in the first place. The third unmet challenge is that there is disagreement about the role of IMF in sovereign debt management. This challenge is created by the absence of a legal framework that is needed to resolve debt crises , also contributing to this challenge is the existence of multiple stakeholders and transaction costs that are significant. Confusion is brought about when we consider the form that involvement should take (O'brien, 2017). IMF should provide liquidity assistance when the debt that a member country holds is sustainable but private investors are not able to provide coordination in the provision of liquidity required and they only facilitate to debt restructure when the burden of debt is unsustainable. Deep questions arises when statements about whether debt sustainability concept is meaningful and whether the IMF is able to determine a member states sustainable debt. In reflecting on this uncertainties, the institution has continued to lend to its member states and put off the restructuring decision. This model allows investors to create a moral hazard and cut their losses. This is because restructuring disrupts the economy and is also costly for the country. The fourth unmet challenge according to the article is impartiality problem by the fund which is an issue raise due to governance problems (Grath, 2005). When members have disproportionate voice which enables some member states to sway decision making and make decisions that are in line with their national interest, this is seen as if the institution is not partial. Some of the decision made by some member states that have a lot of influence are at odds with both the interest of the stability of the IMF and its membership. Also, some members are inadequately represented and they see the decisions made by the funds as neglecting their interests. Consequently, the two sides are reluctant to give IMF the autonomy in choosing tactics and designing programs. The failure by the IMF to meet the four challenges causes its impartiality and competence to be questions by those who criticize its modus operandi (Bodie and Merton, 2001). The funds inability to solve these challenges leads members to question its legitimacy according to the article. Legitimacy determines if the governments and their constituencies will to bend to its authority and accept its recommendations. According to political theorists, legitimacy has two sources. The publics assessment about the performance of the Fund is referred to as output legitimacy. If the funds advice brings in good results, then the agents would be willing to acknowledge its authority. Second, input legitimacy refers to the process through which power is exercised and decisions are reached. The first three challenges , that is , surveillance, conditionality relevance and the utility of the funds approach to debt problems can be solved through output legitimacy (Costa, 2006). On the other hand, the fourth challenge which is the funds failure to adopt a system of governance raises questions about its input legitimacy. The legitimacy problem will have to be solved so that the fund can be effective in its mandate. Today, there are several theories that explain the formation of the exchange rate and the nature of its dynamics. So, one of the most famous theories is the theory of purchasing power parity (or ability) (Power Purchasing Parity). According to this doctrine, the rates of any two currencies must be adjusted one to one according to the change in the price levels in these two countries. A simple example gives an idea of the action of PPP theory and International Fishers effect Summing up, it can be pointed out that the currency purchasing power parity doctrine can be a good tool for forecasting the exchange rate provided there are significant differences in the price levels of the countries being compared (Shapiro, 2014). The accuracy of the exchange rate forecast is a derivative of the accuracy of the forecast of price levels in the two countries, and therefore the time range of applying the principles of PPP is measured from one to five years. The forecast rate for a period of less than one year is not justified for the inability to get rid of many random factors in the main trend of the development of the phenomenon. This is the presence of a lag between price changes and adjustments to this exchange rate, and intra-annual seasonal and conjunctural fluctuations. Forecasts for more than five years can have a significant error. The PPP theory has rather limited forecasting possibilities, gives an idea of the prerequisites for long-term behavior of exchange rates, but can not explain the run-up of rates for short periods. The key to understanding the behavior of the exchange rate in the short term is consideration currencies that form the exchange rate from the position of the asset market and the theory of demand for assets (Manzur, 2008). The modern approach to the asset market stresses that, for short periods (less than a year), the decision to own domestic or foreign assets (that is, cash in national or foreign currency) will play a much greater role in determining the exchange rate than the demand for export or import goods. Those. export-import flows are considered as secondary exchange rate factors. According to the theory of demand for assets, the most important factor that affects the demand for domestic (national) and foreign money (t his time we consider the non-cash form of cash) is the expected return on these assets relative to each other friend The expected income for the deposit of a certain currency in the transfer to foreign currency consists of the interest rate of this currency and its expected price (+) or depreciation (-). When, for example, Americans or foreigners expect that the income on dollar deposits will be higher than the income on deposits in euros, then the demand for dollar deposits will be higher and, accordingly, the lower one for deposits in euros This will encourage investors to convert funds into current assets. Nevertheless, at the end of the investment period, they may incur exchange rate losses e changes in the exchange rate, which, with a surplus, will block the interest income. To prevent such losses, investors must enter into fixed-term contracts, i. agreements with the redemption of currency, at the rate of "spot" plus the interest earned on the invested assets. These agreements from interest arbitrage is a connecting link between the difference in interest rates of the national money markets of the two countries and the forward rates of the respective currencies (Madura, 2012). This link acts as the basis of the theory of interest parity. To understand the mechanism of the action of this theory, one should consider its formalized form. Purchasing power parity is an economic theory that states that people in a given country should be able to buy services and goods at a price that is similar to people from another country. The theory states that once the exchange rate difference is accounted for, then all the prices of goods and services would be the same. The ability of purchasing power is illustrated by real per capita spending. The basis for calculating PPP used by organizations such as UNDP is Gross National Product (GNP) (Olekalns, 2001). Since GNP cannot be compared directly, an International Comparison Project (ICP) is formed which aims to "adjust" the real GDP rate, so it can be compared. For this purpose is determined a number of commodities as a package for the basis of comparison internationally. The resulting number, to reflect the standard benefits, is then "adjusted" again with the Atkinson formula. This adjustment is deemed necessary, as a $ 500 increase for a country that already has a GNP of US $ 500 0 will have a different benefit from the same increase for a new country with a GNI of US $ 1000. On the other hand, the international Fishers effect theory states that a change that is expected in the exchange rate between currencies of two currencies is roughly equivalent to the difference between their nominal interest rates(Holmes, 2002). Using the interest rate difference to explain the occurrence of changes in foreign exchange rates. IFE theory is closely related to theory of PPP because interest rates are often correlated closely with the rate of inflation, therefore it can be concluded that the difference in interest rates which occurs between several countries can be caused by the difference in the rate of inflation. On the theory of Interest Rate Parity and Power Parity Purchasing, the theory allows us to estimate the future of the exchange rate expected. Interest Rate Parity is related to risk-free interest rate while Purchasing Power Parity theory of exchange rate is related to an inflation rate. Putting them together basically tells us that interest rates are risk-free related to the rate of inflation (Valsamakis, Vivian and Du Toit, 2010). This brings us to the International Fisher Effect, The international Fisher effect states that the real interest rate is the same across countries. Real interest in risk-free rate minus the inflation rate. Real interest rates are generally used more often compared with the nominal interest rate to measure currency exchange rate movements. The nominal interest rate is not an accurate measuring tool, because it still contains inflation element inside. International Fisher Impacts Impact The relationship between the difference between the two countries' interest rates and the expected change in exchange rates under IFE is as follows: first, the actual return for investors is the interest rate offered on the securities market term deposit money banking short, where the investor's actual return depends on the foreign interest rate if and the change of the foreign exchange. According to IFE, the effective return of foreign investment should, on average, be an effective return on investment domestic, therefore, IFE states that estimates of investment in local money market investments: Where r is an effective return on foreign deposits and i is the deposit interest rate of the country of origin. Then it can determine as evidenced above, the IFE theory states that when interest if, e will be positive because of the relatively small foreign interest rate reflecting the relatively low estimated foreign inflation, in other words, foreign currency will appreciate when foreign interest rates are smaller compared to origin interest rate. A financial derivative is an agreement between two parties where the payments conditions are also agreed by the two parties. Derivatives are from underlying assets such as contracts, swaps or even stocks. Some of the conditions include purchasing the asset at the price and at the date which the underlying asset achieves that price(Valsamakis, Vivian and Du Toit, 2010).. A common derivative is a call option that gives the buyer the option but not the obligation to buy the stock at a certain date and at a certain price. The PPP and IFE theories make derivatives unnecessary because of the inflation factor. As we know, the two theories factor in inflation of underlying assets but derivatives are meant to protect the buyer from purchasing the underlying asset with inflation factored in. Advantages of derivatives Transactions of derivatives take place in future therefore giving a chance to individuals and traders to execute all sorts of strategies in the futures and options Therefore, if the individual want to short some stock for a long time they can do it in this market. There is benefit of leverage in this market because people can transact huge transactions with small amounts hence trading with derivatives requires a less amount of money. Derivatives are a great risk management tool with a lot of benefit to the user. There are several criticisms that associated with these theories. The purchasing power parity theory does not factor in the tarrifs and the demand for derivatives can be different. Also another criticism of this theory is the differing taxes in different regions. Evaluate the differing ways in which derivatives can protect against the failings of IFE and PPP. As speculators take a market risk position, speculation is a spare part that makes futures and options markets(derivative market) work well and efficiently w. A speculator in futures trading is one goal, which is profit (profit) from its success in anticipating price movements. The time horizon of the speculator is very different from the hedger, commercial users, and other professional users, therefore tends to act as a bridge between large market users and other market users, with different time horizons. So speculation is a major component because the speculator improves market liquidity, and also increases market efficiency. A speculator in futures trading is with one goal, which is to profit from its success in anticipating price movements. Inflation and interest rates challenges are overcome by these speculation. Hedging is a strategy created to reduce the occurrence of unexpected business risks which includes inflation, in addition to the possibility of profit from the investment. Differential interest rates Differential interest rates between the two countries predict future changes in spot exchange rates. In the financial risk hedge, there are factors that cause exchange rate changes (Manzur, 2008). Knowledge of this will help in forecasting the direction of currency movement. These factors include differential inflation, monetary policy, trade balance, the balance of payments, international monetary reserve, national budget, and deferential interest rate, and associated currency behavior, unofficial exchange rate, forward exchange quotes. Not all hedges are financial instruments. For example, a producer who exports to another country can hedge the currency exchange risk by calculating his production costs in the currency he wants (Taylor, 2013). The following ways that derivatives can protect from the failings of IFE and PPP theories. References Bodie, Z. and Merton, R. (2001).Finance. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Costa, C. (2006).Introducing finance. Chichester: John Wiley. Eun, C. and Resnick, B. (2014).International finance. New York: McGraw-Hill. Grath, A. (2005).International trade finance. London: Nordia Publishing for the Institute of Export. Hartley, W. (2011).International finance. [Place of publication not identified]: Bibliolife. Holmes, A. (2002). Risk Management. Chichester: Capstone Pub. Imf. (2016).Forecasting at the imf. [Place of publication not identified]: Intl Monetary Fund. Kirton, J. (2009).International finance. Aldershot: Ashgate. Levi, M. (2016).International finance. London [u.a.]: Routledge. Madura, J. (2012).International financial management. Mason, Ohio: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Manzur, M. (2008).Purchasing power parity. Cheltenham (Reino Unido): Edward Elgar. O'brien, T. (2017).Applied International Finance. [S.L.]: Business Expert Press. Olekalns, N. (2001).An empirical investigation of structural breaks in the ex ante Fisher effect. Melbourne, Victoria. Shapiro, A. (2014).Multinational financial management. Hoboken (NJ): J. Wiley. Taylor, M. (2013).Purchasing Power Parity and Real Exchange Rates. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Valsamakis, A., Vivian, R. and Du Toit, G. (2010).Risk management. Sandton: Heinemann.

Educatinal Views And Ideas Essays - Philippine Culture,

Educatinal Views And Ideas INTRODUCTION Philippines, republic in the western Pacific Ocean, made up of the Philippine Islands and forming in physical geography a part of the Malay Archipelago. Situated about 1210 km (about 750 mi.) east of the coast of Vietnam, the Philippines is separated from Taiwan on the north by the Bashi Channel. The republic is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea, on the south by the Celebes Sea, and on the west by the South China Sea. The country comprises about 7100 islands, of which only about 460 are more than 2.6 sq. km (more than 1 sq. mi.) in area. Eleven islands have an area of more than 2590 sq. km (more than 1000 sq. mi.) each and contain the bulk of the population. These islands are Luzon, Mindanao, Samar, Negros, Palawan, Panay, Mindoro, Leyte, Cebu, Bohol, and Masbate. The total area of the Philippines is about 300,000 sq. km (about 115,830 sq. mi.). Manila is the capital and largest city of the Philippines. This geographical condition of the Philippines made it very accessible and very easy to penetrate by foreign people. THE FILIPINO CHARACTER It may be said that the Filipinos are intelligent, with retentive memory, quick perception, and talents for art and science. They also are gentle, friend] y, and cheerful people, noted for their courtesy and hospitality. Filipinos are famous not only for their warm hospitality, but also for their close family ties. The parents work hard and sacrifice much for their children; in return, the children love and respect them and take good care of them in their old age. Filipinos owing to their beautiful country are passionately romantic. They are ardent in love, as they are fierce in battle. They are born poets, musicians and artists. Filipinos are a liberty-loving and brave people. They valiantly resisted the Spanish, American and Japanese invaders of their native land. They rank among the bravest people of the world. Filipino courage has been proven in the Battle of Mactan (1521), in the Battle of Tirad Pass (1899), in the battle of Bataan, Corregidor, Bessang Pass during World War II, and in many other battlefields. Gratitude is another sterling trait of the Filipinos. They are grateful to those who have granted them favors of who are good to them. Their high sense of gratitude is expressed in the phrase Utang na loob (debt of honor). Filipinos are cooperative. They value the virtue of helping each other and other people. They cherish the ancestral trait of bayanihan, which means cooperation. In rural areas, when a man is building, repairing or transferring a house to another place, the neighbors come to help him. Foreign writers assert that the Filipinos are indolent. In reality they work hard in the face of very adverse conditions. They work on the farms from sunrise to sunset, though not from noon to 3 p.m. due to the scorching heat. They work hard in the sugarcane and pineapple plantations in Hawaii, the fruit orchards of California, the fish canneries of Alaska, and in the oil wells of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and other Arab countries of the Middle East. Finally, the Filipinos are noted for their durability and resiliency. Through the ages they have met all kinds of calamities--revolts, revolutions, wars, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, typhoons and epidemics. Unlike the Polynesians of Oceania and the Indians of North Central and South Americas, they did not vanish by contact with the white race. They can assimilate any civilization and thrive in any climate. Against the adversities of life or nature, they merely bend, but never break. They possess the formidable durability of the narra tree and the resiliency of the bamboo. BODY TEXT FILIPINO HISTORY, CULTURE AND HERITAGE EMERGENCE OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE: Philippine history has often been described as an amalgam of regional developments and outside influences. Excavations in archeological sites have proven that during prehistoric times, the native Negritos came in contact with Malays and Indonesians who left their ancestral home in Southeast Asia by crossing the seas in their sailboats (balangay), and settled the Philippine archipelago. Inter-racial marriages took place among them and out of these racial mixtures emerged the Filipino people. The early Filipino Malay ancestors brought with them their culture--food and drinks, community life, government and

Keynesian Economics essays

Keynesian Economics essays John Maynard Keynes is uncertainly one the most important figures in the history of modern economics. The son of the Cambridge economist and logician John Neville Keynes, John Maynard Keynes was born in Cambridge, England on June 5, 1883. Keynes was educated in Britains most elite institutions, Eton and then King's College Cambridge. In 1906, he entered the British civil service for a little while and worked in the Indian Treasury as a junior clerk. However, unsatisfied with the work he returned in 1908 to teach economics in Cambridge. In India he learned the demands of government service. In 1911 he became the editor of the Economic Journal, a position he would hold almost until the end of his life. During this time Keynes wrote his first economic book first book on Indian currency which was directly related to his experience at the India office. From 1914 to 1918, Keynes was called to the UK Treasury to aid with the financing of the British war economy. He excelled at his job and the authority he gained earned him a position with the British delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference in 1918. Keynes was dismayed at the unfair nature of the peace settlement, and was particularly opposed to the overwhelming consequences of the heavy "reparations" payments forced on Germany. In 1919 he resigned from the conference and in respond to the treaty he published his Economic Consequences of the Peace disapproving the Treaty of Versailles After returning to Cambridge in 1921, Keynes published his Treatise on Probability, where he took apart the classical theory of probability and started what now known as the "logical-relationist" theory of probability. Throughout the 1920s, Keynes remained active in public policy debates, guided mainly through his many articles in the Nation and Atheneum. He also wrote two famous pieces in condemnation of laissez-faire economic policy. In 1925 he married the R ...

Methodology for a sociology class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Methodology for a sociology class - Essay Example Immediately we looked the Mission District which works with a large number of the Latino, Chicano, Central and South American immigrant population. We also looked at the Dolores Street Community Services Center. This center works to provide many homeless people with affordable housing and helps empower some of its low-income residents living in San Francisco. We met Marlon Mendieta, the Housing Program Director of Dolores Street Community Service Center. She gave us a short summary on her center. She explained to us the steps they are taking in order to help underprivileged people in their community. She also provided us with information on how they are trying to create a healthy community where everybody has equal rights regardless of income, immigration or health status. After we spoke with Mrs. Mendieta we went to the womens building where we interviewed Yeni Solis, the Reception Coordinator. She explained the centers mission statement to us and told us that their goal is to empower women and girls in the society by providing them with services and programs to become more self-sufficient. The last stop for our team was The Mission Cultural Center Latino where we met Christina who was originally from Argentina . She told us about her unique experience with the center. She has been taking dancing classes and she told us how she is happy about being more involved with community. All of these centers gave us a more defining picture on the immigrants life in an urban community and a centers role in helping them adjust to life in America. Our group chose to not just browse the internet but to go to these centers and interview the staff and the immigrants. We wanted to have a genuine experience and to see exactly how the immigrants are living and adjusting to life in the Unites

Organization and Organizational Change Assignment

Organization and Organizational Change - Assignment Example With time constraint, management must maximize its time to alleviating the most pressing problems or issues. By identifying the actual performances, management can focus more time on the poor performances. After the poor performances are resolved, management can focus on improving the poor performance activities. Next, the author rightfully observes change management can allocate time to increasing performance outputs. Finally, management can use the remaining time to increase the average-rated activities. Resolving the above average performances, management can now use any possible time to ensuring retention of the best rated performances. Dean Anderson emphasized â€Å"different factors contribute to the change management process† (Anderson 31). The author correctly states that several factors are used in the formulation of the change management decisions. One of the factors is the competitors. When the competitor reduces its selling prices, the other competitors are persuaded to reduce their selling prices. Further, another factor is technology. When the author rightfully insists some competitors introduce new product technologies, all competitors are persuaded to acquire similar or even better product technology. For example, one company offers online booking services to its current and future customers. To retain customers, competitors are persuaded to implement similar online booking or marketing services. Furthermore, the author correctly insists changes in government statutes contribute to responsive change management strategies. For example, some governments require companies to reduce their factory smoke stack emissions. Consequently, management must comply. New government policies may require factory facilities to stop including all ozone layer damaging ingredients in the production process. Professor Robert Paton (51) emphasized â€Å"Companies must do their best to alleviate any resistance.† Some employees dislike learning

Marks and Spencer: Structure and Culture

Marks and Spencer: Structure and Culture 1. INTRODUCTION Marks Spencer is British institution. Opened in 1884, the company emerged as a major retailer of clothes, food, household items and financial services. By 1997, Marks Spencer was an international company with sales of over  £8 billion and very high net profit margins. However, the group experienced a shocking reversal in fortune at the turn of the 21st Century when its main customer base, women aged between 35 and 55 began to stop shopping at their stores. This posed a very serious threat to the companys survival and Marks Spencer thought hard and long about how to rectify the situation. It did so by introducing bold new moves changing its corporate culture and by strengthening existing systems and processes. By doing so, the company was able to regain its loyal customers and grow once again. Yet, the last few years have been challenging as the company was badly affected by the global economic crisis. This report outlines the changing structure and culture at Marks Spencers. It provides a comparison of the contributions of the key business functions to the organizational change. It also identifies the key stakeholders of the organization and the key issues of managing them. Finally, a SWOT analysis is done for Marks Spencer along with an assessment of its long term future prospects. 2. CHANGING CORPORATE CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE All organizations have their own cultures, which consist of the values and beliefs shared by its members which determine to a considerable degree how managers respond to problems and opportunities. But corporate culture can become static and excessively bureaucratic over time, even among successful organizations (Huff et al, 2009). An organizational culture is powerful because it automatically shapes the way members see their world. Any culture is deeply rooted in beliefs and values that members have internalized. When beliefs and values are held without challenge for a long period of time, they are even less likely to be questioned (Robbins and Judge, 2007). The norms rarely change to accommodate those who deviate from them. Inertia sets in and employees become stuck in a rut. Employees become resistant to change and are unwilling to do things differently because they involve inconvenience and uncertainty. This could ultimately destroy the company. Like most successful organizations, Marks Spencer was a victim of its own success. Its corporate culture because inflexible, rigid and resistant to change because it was felt that since the company was successful, there was no need to change. Deeply entrenched was a sense of employee entitlement regarding remuneration and working hours. However, when it became clear that the old culture was unable to cope with changing demands of the marketplace, the top management decided on a major revamp. As a result, employees became less resistant to change and began to embrace new ways of doing things. Employees were willing to work for longer hours if it meant better pay and they were less resistant to the fact that they might lose their jobs if the company performed poorly. They were also sent for learning and education programs to equip them with new skills sets so that they were better able to cope with changes in the working environment. All these efforts contributed to the change in corporate culture which is now more dynamic and flexible. A number of major changes were also made to the organizational structure. The formal chain of command was flattened to a certain extent and in doing so the company became more agile and responsive to changes in customer demand and taste. The regional management structure was simplified to delegate more responsibility to individual store managers to give them more autonomy. 3. CONTRIBUTIONS OF KEY BUSINESS FUNCTIONS TO ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES 3.1 Finance The finance function plays a critical role at Marks Spencer in cutting costs and eliminating unnecessary expenditure. The entire value chain was examined to determine where and how costs could be trimmed. As a result, the company was able to reduce costs, provide better prices to the customers and improve its overall profitability. Ultimately, it is the shareholders who stand to gain the most from the initiatives made in terms of maximization of shareholder wealth. 3.2 Marketing To attract new customers and retain existing customers at Marks Spencer, the marketing function critically examined the cause of declining sales. The main cause negative customer perception of its main customer base women aged between 35 and 55 that the clothes sold at Marks Spencer were unfashionable and even dowdy. Therefore, the marketing function decided to split up the long-cherished St Michaels brand into a number of categories to cater for different customer needs. Consequently, the company launched three new product categories for women (www.marksandspencer.com, 2011). The first, the Perfect and Classic ranges were for basic purposes, for example jeans, sweaters and plain shirts. The second range, Autograph is for the more fashionable woman of a larger demographic group. The final range, per una, is targeted at the younger woman of ages 25 to 35 and is of average dress size. By segmenting its products for different markets, the company was able to regain most of the sales it lost. Different marketing campaigns are held for each range and this makes the companys products appear more attractive to customers. 3.3 Operations A number of critical changes were made to the companys operations. For one, the supply chain was made leaner and in doing so, the company made substantial savings. Fewer suppliers were used and this facilitated transparency and response time. The lead time was reduced and the company placed a greater emphasis on timeliness and quality. These contribute to leaner operations which lead to higher profits. 3.4 Human Resource This function is critical to the successful implementation of a strategy. The HRM function at Marks Spencer played an important role in changing employee mindset and modifying the corporate culture to be more attuned to the changes that need to occur (Hitt et al, 2004). As a result, employees were more receptive to change and aware of the sacrifices they need to make. 4. KEY STAKEHOLDERS The key stakeholders of Marks Spencer are shareholders, management, employees and customers. The following diagram shows their relative importance and power: Power of Stakeholders Meet Their Needs Key Player B, C A D Least Important Show Consideration Interest Key: A Shareholders B Management C Customers D Employees 5. MANAGING KEY STAKEHOLDERS Shareholders would like to maximize their wealth. Share maximization is through share price appreciation and dividends (Aaker, 1996). Therefore, satisfying this group would require increasing profits and the company profile. Management is concerned about maintaining control over operations. Their goals are sometimes similar to that of shareholders but in some cases they differ (Daniels et al, 2007). Hence, there is the agency problem. The employees at Marks Spencer are most concerned about job security and work conditions. Ideally, they would like jobs that pay well and have good hours. However, this may be incompatible with the goal of wealth maximization of shareholders as employee benefits will erode profits. Similarly, if employees are unionized, they may cause problems to management and reduce its influence. Hence, management must strike a balance between making employees and shareholders happy. Customers are concerned about satisfying their needs and wants. Managing them effectively would require Marks Spencer to improve its product offering to make satisfied customers who make repeat purchases. 6. SWOT ANALYSIS 6.1 (S)trengths Excellent control system for suppliers, inventory and layout of stores. Very high quality products Efficient and modern production techniques Good understanding of its core customer base. 6.2 (W)eaknesses Generic clothing that is often perceived as unfashionable An image of being boring 6.3 (O)pportunities Global expansion Utilizing more overseas suppliers to achieve cost advantage Maximize use of existing technology to obtain competitive advantage 6.4 (T)hreats Competition with premium quality clothing manufacturers Competition with discount stores Economic downturn 7. FUTURE PROSPECTS Marks Spencer is facing a very difficult time. After its successful business turnaround, it is once again facing problems due to the recession. Indeed the next few years may be a very difficult time for the company. Not only is it facing competition from high end retailers but discount stores as well. Meanwhile, the middle class is shrinking and if the company does not take bold steps, it may collapse. To succeed, the company must grow its market share by penetrating new markets or new product lines. 8. CONCLUSION Marks Spencer is a company with a long history of success. To overcome its current difficulties, it must draw on its strengths, overcome its weaknesses and revamp its strategy to stay relevant and competitive.

Biometrics :: Science Technology Essays

Biometrics For most people when first hearing the word biometrics, they have an instant reaction to tune out. Just because the term sounds complicated and somewhat boring does not mean that the information behind the term is incredibly interesting and fun! When first discussing the term with others, I too thought it would be a typical boring computer topic. It was not until I began to research the topic, that I saw computers to be intriguing. One of my favorite aspects of the topic is what it initially reminds me of. I could not help but think of spy and other technical movies that show biometrics being used. The term biometrics, refers to the automated methods of categorizing a person, based on their behavioral, and physiological characteristics. What people may not know about biometric systems, is that the basis alone is from natures oldest way of identification. By determining these characteristics in an authentication inquiry, this information can then be saved in reference, for identification to determine if the user can be granted access to any private or secured location. This particular method of recognition is preferred to those such as, passwords, or pin numbers. Although these methods are still commonly used, with biometrics we are able to make sure the person being identified is physically present, and elements the hassle of remembering several passwords. These physiological techniques could include fingerprints, retinal scanning, voice patterning, facial recognitions, DNA analysis along with hand and finger geometry. Biometrics is such a rapidly improving technology, that has been previously used for years in forensics, such as identification, and prison security. While the behavioral techniques include handwriting and voice recognition, gait, and keystroke dynamics. By having these special techniques replacing pins, we are able to feel secure about unauthorized used of ATM’s cellular phones, desktop PC’s, and other personal securities. In addition to these currently password protected areas, biometrics can also replaces keys for automobiles, such as key-less entry. Trust in these areas of secured access, is essential to a happy and healthy environment. Even though there are several ways of detecting identity, the most popular has been the facial recognition and fingerprint matching. These techniques are expected to be added in aid for homeland security identification, at places such as airports, along with helping in reliable travel documents, and preventing ID theft. Along with th e important need for reliable homeland security, biometrics are important in areas such as financial transactions, retail sales, investing, electronic banking, law enforcement, and health and social services.

Land Ordinance of 1785

Land Ordinance of 1785 I)The Land Ordinance A. Adoption 1. The United States Congress adopted the Land Ordinance of 1785 in May 1785. 2. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Ordinance of 1784, which called for the land west of the Appalachian Mountains, north of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River to be divided. a. This ordinance did not exactly describe how the land would be settled, governed, or how the land would become a state. 3.The Land Ordinance of 1785 put the 1784 resolution in operation by providing mechanism for selling or settling the land. B. Goals and Accomplishments: 1. Due to the fact that Congress could not raise taxes, the main goal of the ordinance was to sell the unmapped territory west of the states acquired in 1783 through the Treaty of Paris and uses the income as federal profit. 2. Over three-fourths of the continental US was surveyed using the rectangular survey, which provided the following: a. Easily recognizable land descriptions . Economic, political, and social development in the townships. 4. The Ordinance divided the land into townships, six square miles each that were divided into 36 1 square mile sections. a. Each of the 36 sections were subdivided into portions of land that were sold or used for a specific purpose. b. Section 16 of every township was reserved for the maintenance of public schools. c. In later townships, section 36 was designated as a school section. d. Sections 8, 11, 26, and 29 were reserved for federal sale Related article: Land of Opportunity

Henry Higgins - 1403 Words

Henry Higgins Higgins is an extremely interesting character and the life of the play. Although the plays obvious concern is the metamorphosis of a common flower girl into a duchess, the development of Higgins character is also important. The play isnt only Elizas story. One also detects changes in Higgins or to be more precise he appears to the reader in a new light at the end. This is seen when he tells Eliza that he has grown accustomed to seeing her face and hearing her voice. This is not much of a sensitive display of emotions but it is quite different than the savage invective he hurled at her at the beginning of the play in Covent Garden. Higgins is portrayed as being highly educated. Apart from being a professor of†¦show more content†¦At a certain level Higgins is an overgrown child. Shaw wrote in his stage directions that Higgins is, but for his years and size, rather like an impetuous baby taking notice eagerly and loudly, and requiring almost as much watching to keep him out of unintended mischief. His manner varies from genial bullying when he is in a good humor to stormy petulance when anything goes wrong, but he is so entirely frank and void of malice that he remains likeable even in his least reasonable moments. This trait of impetuous childishness in an otherwise extremely articulate and learned adult lends complexity to his characterization. This interpretation is confirmed by Higgins himself when he defends himself against the imagined notions held by Mrs. Pearce. He tells Colonel Pickering, Here I am, a shy, diffident sort of man. Ive never been able to feel really grown-up and tremendous, like other chaps. And yet shes firmly persuaded that Im an arbitrary overbearing bossing kind of person. I cant account for it. His blindness to his faults serves to endear the audience to him despite him being an egoist and a bully. It is important to note Higginss lack of interest in women. In Act Three, Higginss conversation with his mother regarding Elizas society appearance gradually turns to the topic of young women and his antipathy towards them. Higgins dismisses the idea of any romantic association with a faint contempt for the fairer sex and dismisses them asShow MoreRelated The Character of Henry Higgins in Pygmalion Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pagescharacters are usually seen as mere puppets propelled by the crisis of the plot or as mouthpieces for his socialist viewpoint. However in Pygmalion,, Shaw vindicates himself of these charges by the creation of rounded and life-like characters such as Higgins and Eliza. Clearly they are not authorial stooges. They have a peculiar quality that leaves a lasting imprint on the readers memory. But there is some truth in the charge that Shaw created a mouthpiece for his own ideas and the character of AlfredRead MoreThe Misogynistic Henry Higgins1990 Words   |  8 PagesThe Misogynistic Henry Higgins The key to understanding George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion lies in understanding the power struggle between the â€Å"haves† and â€Å"have-nots† – specifically the active and intentional disenfranchisement of women at the turn of the 20th century. At the core of Pygmalion there is a focus on the societal inequities of the day, with Shaw presenting society’s treatment of women as property without rights and with little understanding of their surroundings or place in society.Read MoreCharacterisation of Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins in Shaws Pygmalion1730 Words   |  7 PagesPygmalion is written by dramatist, playwright and critic George Bernard Shaw in the year 1912 and was first published in the year 1913. The drama revolves around three main characters – Eliza Doolittle, Professor Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering – who are all striving towards the same goal. That is, they want to be able to pass Eliza off as a Duchess rather than the flower girl from the London slums that she actually is. It starts as just a bet on the part of the Professor and the Colonel, butRead More Alernatiove Ending to George Bernard Shaw ´s Pygmalion Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesPygmalion Act V After Higgins, confesses to his undying love for Eliza. Eliza decides to leave Higgins’s home because felt that it would only hurt Higgins more to have her stay another moment in his home because she did not share the same feelings for him. She now resides at the home of Mrs. Higgins. Mrs. Higgins’s drawing room. She is at her writing-table as before. The parlor-maid comes in. THE PARLOR MAID [at the door]: Mr. Henry, madam, is downstairs MRS. HIGGINS: Well, show him up. Read MoreAnalysis Of Pygmalion By George Bernard Shaw1305 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the play, Pygmalion, by George Bernard Shaw, many of the characters represent different social class structures. They also resemble how the higher class citizens feel threatened by the lower class citizens. Protagonist Eliza Doolittle, Henry Higgins, and Mrs. Pearce are prime examples of characters who portray different roles in the Victorian social structure. This play takes place during the Victorian period in England where the upper , middle, and lower class were at different stages. ThisRead MoreGeorge Bernard Shaw s Pygmalion1463 Words   |  6 Pagesoutward appearance (the way in which they spoke and dressed). People such as antagonist Henry Higgins of Pygmalion, in fact, only focused on a person’s facade; they were completely ignorant to people’s true identities. As a social activist during the early 1900s, Shaw chose to introduce the inc orrect judgment placed upon working class citizens to his wealthier audiences within his play Pygmalion. Henry Higgins finds poor flower girl Eliza and determines her a lost soul, deciding immediately he couldRead More What drove Eliza to change? What does it mean to be high class? 1502 Words   |  7 PagesIn George Bernard Shaw’s didactic, Victorian play Pygmalion, Linguistics Professor Henry Higgins’s perceptive ears are offended by the sound of Eliza’s lowly, Cockney accent, so he wishes to change it into a flawless, pleasant voice that would blend in among high society. Higgins is a sarcastic and rude character who treats Eliza badly throughout most of the play, sometimes not even acknowledging her presence. This brings up the question of why she tolerates his rudeness. What drove Eliza to changeRead MoreThemes of George Bernard Shaws Play Pygmalion Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pagesstory of Henry Higgins, a master phonetician, and his mischievous plot to p ass a common flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, off as a duchess at the Embassy Ball. In order to achieve his goal, Higgins must teach Eliza how to speak properly and how to act in upper-class society. The play looks at middle class morality and upper-class superficiality, and reflects the social ills of nineteenth century England, and attests that all people are worthy of respect and dignity. Shaws Pygmalion is Henry HigginsRead MoreHow Does Shaw Present the Relationship Between Eliza and Higgins and to What Extent Does the Audience Find It Funny.1500 Words   |  6 Pagesungraceful ivory to a stunning female statue. Shaw emphasises, social class and manners through the play of his version of Pygmalion . I will be analysing these affects and how they are comedic to the audience. At the heart of these aspects are Henry Higgins and Eliza Doolittle, a relationship that Shaw depicts as a romance. Shaws clever use of phonetics ephasises the broad cockney accent which suggests that Eliza is lower class. The audience give her their sympathies specifically because ofRead More Pygmalion Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pagescomes across a rude Professor, named Henry Higgins, he sarcastically offers her to â€Å"learn how to speak beautifully, like a lady in a florist’s shop†¦..at the end of six months you shall go to Buckingham palace in a carriage, beautifully dressed.† This is what he proposes to Eliza when she comes to ask for English lessons from the Professor. He then makes a bet with another man, Colonel Pickering, who says he will pay for her new clothes and English lessons, if Higgins can make a lady out of her in six